英文论文摘要的基本要求与常见结构，分享大
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据网站介绍，苏珊·米内兹（ M. Inez 2017）是一名英语教授和写作能手，来自美国东北部。除了英语教育学士学位、写作硕士学位和教育硕士学位外，苏珊还拥有20年教授写作、专业写作、文学等课程的经验。她还担任了两年的校园写作中心的联合主任。
她从各类期刊论文遴选出了10篇让人获益匪浅的摘要，除了给出摘要来源、摘要本身外，还对每篇摘要的优点给出了评价。详细信息见以下链接（如果链接丢失，可将本文末尾参考文献列表给出的原文拷到游览器搜索新的链接）：
以第一份摘要为例，其原文和译文如下：
第一份摘要
This the of game and game male and how game was to of , (GPA), and on- drug and 。 were 477 male, year at a arts 。 In the week the of , were two : one of , and the of game , a of game 。
that game is (a) with , (b) with GPA, even when for high GPA, and (c) with drug and that the year in 。 are in of for male ’ and in , and in of the of game 。
本研究探讨了大学男生使用视频游戏和视频游戏成瘾的模式，并考察了视频游戏成瘾与大学参与预期、大学平均成绩(GPA)以及校园内吸毒和酗酒的关系。参与者是477名文科学院一年级的男生。在上课前的一周，参与者接受了两项调查：一项是预期的大学参与度，另一项是视频游戏使用情况，包括对视频游戏上瘾程度的测量。结果表明，电子游戏成瘾(a)与预期的大学投入呈负相关，(b)与大学平均成绩呈负相关，即使高中平均成绩因素被考虑进去，(c)与大学第一年发生的吸毒和酗酒呈负相关。我们从对男生在大学的参与度和成功的影响角度讨论研究结果的含义，也从电子游戏成瘾的结构效度讨论了研究结果的含义。
米内兹指出，这份摘要有几点值得注意：
摘要的基本句型
这里针对摘要的每一个要素，分别给出一些我们从各种文献搜集到的句型。
句型举例中， A代表作者, C代表特征，D代表领域或方向，E代表某个解释或定义, M代表方法，P代表问题， R代表原因，X代表现象、规律等，O代表其他。对应的小写字母则代表子类或细分，例如，d代表D中的细分方向。摘要举例取自等人的文章。
1） 问题陈述常见句型
X is as E, and this is for (or key in) D. much work has been done P, the p are (or not , or not ). is of (or ) in d.
P is a due to the of the of this in D. , the p of P is (or not ) due to the lack of (or to or for of) R.
p is an in P and a key role in d.
R is the of X in p.
M is the most used and
X is a well- by C.
The of p in P has of its in D.
p is an in D.
举例
The zone (HZ) is as the of from a host star , a key for life, may on a ’s . more CO2 than in ’s is to for most of the HZ, with bars at the . , most life on is by CO2 of just of a bar. At the same time, most in the HZ in to M , are more than Sun-like G but are to of that can be in the of , such as (CO).
可居住区(HZ)通常被定义为作为 生命的一个关键要素的液态水可以存在于行星表面的离宿主恒星的距离范围。对于大多数可居住区，为了维持温和的温度，要求二氧化碳比地球现代大气中的二氧化碳多得多， 且在外边缘有几个巴的气压。然而，地球上最复杂的有氧生命受几分之一巴的二氧化碳浓度的限制。与此同时，位于传统宜居带的大多数系外行星都位于M矮星附近，这种矮星比类太阳的G矮星数量更多，但据预测这会使在轨行星大气中更富有一氧化碳等有毒气体。
2）动机 常见句型
Here we show (or ) that X .
This aims to R of X in p.
The main /goal/ of the / is to a M (or R or the of X).
Here (or in this ) we (or or ) p (or X or M).
p (or X or M) is in this .
This is with p (or X or M).
The / (or with, , , , , a for, aims on, a to) p (or X or M).
This M ( M, M, X, R, on R)
This (or aims to give ) a of R.
This a M for R that in p of P.
举例
Here we show that the HZ for life is to that for life.
在这里，我们指明，相对于微生物生命，适应于复杂有氧生命的宜居带（数目）可能受限。
3）方法 常见句型
We use the M for p and this has the of C.
M is used in this .
M ( or or case or or ) are with
To p (or to X) , a on m is here and this is of .
We M for X and this is from the of A m to the (or or ).
举例
We use a 1D - and to a Zone for Life (HZCL) on for a of as a of ..
我们使用1D辐射对流气候和光化学模型，根据一系列生物的已知毒性极限，划定复杂生命可居住区，以作为（我们提出的）概念的证明。
4） 结果 常见句型
We find that for ... One of the is that x1, one is that x2. The are X. We the of or that X It is that R is the of x. to this , X. (or ), R was () to have on p. The most from the data was The most of this was The x1 and x2 are here to be on
举例
We find that for CO2 of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 bar, the HZCL is only 21%, 32%, and 50% as wide as the HZ for a Sun-like star, and that CO may some life the HZ of the M .
我们发现，对于气压为0.01、0.1和1巴的二氧化碳容差，复杂生命宜居带的宽度仅为类太阳恒星常规宜居带的21%、32%和50%，并且CO2浓度可能会限制最冷的M矮星整个宜居带的某些复杂生命。
5）结论 常见句型
cast new on (or have for ) p. The the gap p1 and p2. The a link x1 and x2. This up a long R. The of this is that The by this can be used to (or to） This up a new （or ） in P. This not only the of P but also a that can be used to such as p1 and p2.
举例
cast new on the of life in the and have for the for and ..
这些结果给宇宙中复杂生命的分布带来新的见解，且对寻找外行星生物特征和技术特征有重要延伸意义。
参考文献
2010. a for the ， .16(1):98-100.
P.1997. How to an . .~//.html
et al, 2020, for PhD: ’ , in and ，Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 89-106
E W. , CT. , SL. , CE. & TW. 2019 A Zone for Life， The , 878:19 (9pp), pp:1-9
M. Inez ，10 Good That Will Your , 5, 2017
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